When pruning a live branch, where should cuts be made?

Making cuts when pruning a live branch should be done outside the branch bark ridge and collar to promote healthy healing and minimize potential damage to the tree. The branch bark ridge is the raised area at the top of the branch union, while the bark collar is a thicker area of tissue at the base of the branch. These features provide important protective functions for the tree.

When cuts are made just outside this ridge and collar, it allows the tree to heal properly. The tree's natural defense mechanisms can effectively close the wound without trapping moisture or causing decay. This position also enables the formation of callus tissue, which is crucial for safeguarding against infections.

If cuts are made at the tip of the branch or directly on the trunk, the tree may struggle to heal effectively, leading to more significant issues. Making cuts within these anatomical structures can compromise the tree's health and stability. Hence, cutting just outside the branch bark ridge and collar is the best practice for ensuring the health and longevity of the tree.